Drums: Snare basics
One drum, two sticks, eight chapters. From the first stroke to an eight bar solo.
| No | Chapter | Time | Boxes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Start here Sticks, grip, and how to read the grids. Stand sheet, no text | 1 day | __ / 3 |
| 2 | Single strokes R L R L. The rudiment everything else is built on. Stand sheet, no text | 1 week | __ / 29 |
| 3 | Counting pyramid Quarters, eighths, triplets, sixteenths. Change gear without changing tempo. Stand sheet, no text | 1 week | __ / 19 |
| 4 | Double strokes R R L L. Two strokes per hand, the base of every roll. Stand sheet, no text | 2 weeks | __ / 24 |
| 5 | Paradiddle R L R R, L R L L. Singles and doubles in one pattern. Stand sheet, no text | 2 weeks | __ / 19 |
| 6 | Accents Loud and soft. This turns strokes into music. Stand sheet, no text | 2 weeks | __ / 28 |
| 7 | Flams A small note right before a big one. Makes a stroke fat. Stand sheet, no text | 2 weeks | __ / 24 |
| 8 | Rolls and first solo Short rolls, then eight bars that use everything. Stand sheet, no text | 3 weeks | __ / 28 |
Work top to bottom. Do not skip. The Boxes column counts ticked BPM boxes.
Drums 1: Start here
Set up
What you need
- A pair of sticks. Size 5A fits most hands.
- A snare drum or a practice pad. A pillow works for quiet practice and builds strength.
- A metronome. Any free app or drum machine works.
- 10 to 15 minutes a day. Every day beats two hours on Sunday.
Grip
- Hold the stick between the thumb and the first joint of the index finger, a third up from the end.
- The other fingers wrap around loosely. No squeezing.
- Palms face down. Both hands look the same.
Posture
- Sit tall. Drum at belt height. Forearms about level with the floor.
- Stick tips meet in the middle of the drum.
- Let the stick bounce back by itself. You throw it, the drum returns it.
Drums 1: Start here
Read the grid
| 1 | & | 2 | & | 3 | & | 4 | & |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | L | R | R | L |
The rules
- Always play with a click. The click is on 1 2 3 4.
- Count out loud. If you cannot say it, you cannot play it.
- Start at the first BPM box. Loop the exercise for one minute. Clean? Tick the box.
- Then set the next tempo. Mistakes mean too fast. Go back one box.
One stroke per click. Right, left, right, left. Both hands the same height and the same sound.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | L |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | L |
Pass: you cannot hear which hand is which.
Drums 2: Single strokes
One hand, then two
Eight strokes per bar. Let the stick bounce. Wrist moves, arm stays calm.
| 1 | & | 2 | & | 3 | & | 4 | & |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| 1 | & | 2 | & | 3 | & | 4 | & |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
Pass: one minute, every stroke the same volume.
Same thing with the weak hand. This is the important one.
| 1 | & | 2 | & | 3 | & | 4 | & |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L |
| 1 | & | 2 | & | 3 | & | 4 | & |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L | L | L | L | L | L | L | L |
Pass: it sounds like exercise 2.1.
Hands take turns. Count 1 and 2 and 3 and 4 and.
| 1 | & | 2 | & | 3 | & | 4 | & |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L |
| 1 | & | 2 | & | 3 | & | 4 | & |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L |
Pass: one minute, even like a machine.
Drums 2: Single strokes
Sixteenth notes
Four strokes per click. Count 1 e and a. The right hand lands on every number.
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L |
Pass: one minute without speeding up.
Same notes, start with the left. It will feel wrong. That is the point.
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R |
Pass: it feels as easy as 2.4.
One bar right lead, one bar left lead. At each bar line one hand plays twice in a row.
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L |
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R |
Pass: no bump at the bar line.
Drums 3: Counting pyramid
Changing gear
The click stays the same. Only the number of strokes per click changes.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | L |
| 1 | & | 2 | & | 3 | & | 4 | & |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L |
Pass: the click and beat 1 always meet.
Two per click, then four per click.
| 1 | & | 2 | & | 3 | & | 4 | & |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L |
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L |
Pass: no rush when the sixteenths start.
Three even strokes per click. Count 1 and a, 2 and a. The lead hand swaps every beat.
| 1 | & | a | 2 | & | a | 3 | & | a | 4 | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L |
Pass: all three strokes are even, no gallop.
Drums 3: Counting pyramid
The pyramid
One bar each: 1, 2, 3, 4 strokes per click, then back down. Loop it. Count out loud.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | L |
| 1 | & | 2 | & | 3 | & | 4 | & |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L |
| 1 | & | a | 2 | & | a | 3 | & | a | 4 | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L |
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L |
| 1 | & | a | 2 | & | a | 3 | & | a | 4 | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L |
| 1 | & | 2 | & | 3 | & | 4 | & |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L |
Pass: three loops, every gear change lands on the click.
Tip
The hard step is between eighths and triplets. Say the count for the next bar in your head before it starts.
Drums 4: Double strokes
Two per hand
How
Each hand plays two strokes. Slow tempo: two wrist strokes. Faster: throw the first stroke and catch the bounce as the second. The second stroke wants to be quieter. Do not let it.
Right right, left left. Both strokes the same volume.
| 1 | & | 2 | & | 3 | & | 4 | & |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | R | L | L | R | R | L | L |
| 1 | & | 2 | & | 3 | & | 4 | & |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | R | L | L | R | R | L | L |
Pass: it sounds like single strokes.
Same sticking, twice as fast. Stay loose.
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | R | L | L | R | R | L | L | R | R | L | L | R | R | L | L |
Pass: one minute, no weak second strokes.
Drums 4: Double strokes
Singles against doubles
One bar single strokes, one bar double strokes. The sound must not change.
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L |
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | R | L | L | R | R | L | L | R | R | L | L | R | R | L | L |
Pass: a listener cannot hear where the sticking changes.
Doubles starting with the left.
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L | L | R | R | L | L | R | R | L | L | R | R | L | L | R | R |
Pass: as even as 4.2.
Accent the second stroke of every double. This fixes weak bounces.
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | R | L | L | R | R | L | L | R | R | L | L | R | R | L | L |
Pass: the accents are clear on both hands.
Drums 5: Paradiddle
Say it, play it
How
Say it while you play: pa ra did dle. Two singles, one double. Then the same thing starting with the other hand. The lead hand swaps every beat.
Eighth notes. Say the sticking out loud: right left right right, left right left left.
| 1 | & | 2 | & | 3 | & | 4 | & |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | R | L | R | L | L |
| 1 | & | 2 | & | 3 | & | 4 | & |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | R | L | R | L | L |
Pass: you can do it while looking away from the page.
One paradiddle per click.
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | R | L | R | L | L | R | L | R | R | L | R | L | L |
Pass: one minute, even.
Drums 5: Paradiddle
Accent and mix
Loud on every number, the other three strokes low and soft.
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | R | L | R | L | L | R | L | R | R | L | R | L | L |
Pass: big difference between loud and soft strokes.
One bar singles, one bar doubles, one bar paradiddles. Same sound all the way.
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L |
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | R | L | L | R | R | L | L | R | R | L | L | R | R | L | L |
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | R | L | R | L | L | R | L | R | R | L | R | L | L |
Pass: three loops without a stumble at the bar lines.
Drums 6: Accents
High and low
How
Accent: lift the stick high, about 30 cm, and let it fall. Tap: stay low, about 5 cm. The height makes the volume, not muscle. Black boxes are accents.
Loud on 1 2 3 4. Everything else is a low tap.
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L |
Pass: taps stay quiet even after an accent.
Still the right hand, but now between the clicks.
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L |
Pass: the accent does not pull you off the click.
Now the left hand has the accent.
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L |
Pass: left accents are as loud as right accents.
Drums 6: Accents
Move the accent
Left hand, last sixteenth of every beat.
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L |
Pass: one minute, steady.
One bar each: accent on the number, the e, the and, the a. No stop between bars.
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L |
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L |
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L |
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L |
Pass: three loops, counting out loud.
Drums 6: Accents
Groups
Accents every three strokes, then two twos to fill the bar. The sticking stays R L R L.
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L |
Pass: you can tap your foot on 1 2 3 4 while you play it.
Listen
Play 6.6 on a loop and it turns into a groove. Accents are how one drum plays a melody.
Drums 7: Flams
The flam
How
The small letter is the grace note. It starts low, 3 cm above the head. The big letter starts high. Drop both hands at the same time. The low stick lands first: one fat sound, not two notes and not one flat click.
Left hand stays low, right hand plays the main stroke.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|
| lR | lR | lR | lR |
Pass: every flam sounds the same.
Now the right hand stays low.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|
| rL | rL | rL | rL |
Pass: it sounds like 7.1.
After a right flam the right hand stays down. It is now the grace note for the left flam.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|
| lR | rL | lR | rL |
Pass: no pause to reset the hands.
Drums 7: Flams
Flam rudiments
A flam, then one more tap with the same hand.
| 1 | & | 2 | & | 3 | & | 4 | & |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lR | R | rL | L | lR | R | rL | L |
Pass: even eighth notes, clear flams.
Triplets with a flam on every beat. The lead hand swaps every beat.
| 1 | & | a | 2 | & | a | 3 | & | a | 4 | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lR | L | R | rL | R | L | lR | L | R | rL | R | L |
Pass: the triplets stay even.
Single strokes with a flam on every number.
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lR | L | R | L | lR | L | R | L | lR | L | R | L | lR | L | R | L |
Pass: the flam does not slow down the next stroke.
Drums 8: Rolls and first solo
Short rolls
How
A roll is double strokes that end with one accent. Count the doubles, land the accent on the click.
Two doubles and an accent. First from the right, then from the left.
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | R | L | L | R | L | L | R | R | L |
Pass: both directions sound the same.
Four doubles and an accent on beat 3.
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | R | L | L | R | R | L | L | R |
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L | L | R | R | L | L | R | R | L |
Pass: the accent lands exactly on 3.
Drums 8: Rolls and first solo
Rolls in time
A bar of sixteenths. The last beat is a five stroke roll into the next 1.
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | R | L | L |
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R |
Pass: the accent on 1 is on the click.
An accent, a short gap, then a five stroke roll into the next accent. Right side, then left side.
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | R | R | L | L | R | L | L | L | R | R | L |
Pass: the accents stay loud and the doubles stay low.
Drums 8: Rolls and first solo
First solo
Learn one bar at a time. Then two bars together, then four, then all eight.
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L |
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | R | L | R | L | L | R | L | R | R | L | R | L | L |
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L |
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | R | L | L | R | R | L | L | R | lR |
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lR | rL | lR | R | L | rL |
| 1 | & | a | 2 | & | a | 3 | & | a | 4 | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L |
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | R | L | L | R | R | L | L | R | R | L | L | R | R | L | L |
| 1 | e | & | a | 2 | e | & | a | 3 | e | & | a | 4 | e | & | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | lR |
Pass: all eight bars from memory. Record it.
Drums 8: Rolls and first solo
What next
Keep going
- Play every exercise in this book with the left hand leading.
- Play the solo at a whisper. Then as loud as you can. Same tempo.
- Move to the kit: right hand on the hi-hat, accents on the snare, bass drum on 1 and 3.
- Look up the 40 standard rudiments. You already know six of them.
Write eight bars with a pencil on the back of this sheet. Use at least one accent pattern, one paradiddle bar and one flam. Then learn it.
Pass: you can play your solo twice the same way.